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The ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic is a complex and blended threat that impacts members and the broader faith-based and charity community in numerous ways. We have determined to maintain our current threat level assessments at this time, with updated comments. FB-ISAO’s Threat and Incident Response Group (TIG) continues to assess the ongoing threats and risks to our community and will make future updates as may be appropriate.
The TIG has determined to maintain the Pandemic Threat Level at “ELEVATED.” ELEVATED means that FB-ISAO is unaware of any specific threats, but there is concern that an event is more likely than normal. While we are well aware of the specific threat of the pandemic, we do not believe that a serious nationwide U.S. outbreak at this time is likely, though the possibility of localized outbreaks remains, especially given the Delta and fast-spreading Omicron Variants and in areas where the population has low vaccine levels, as is being observed in various areas around the country right now. The success of vaccinations and availability of boosters has been encouraging, and the Omicron Variant – while fast-spreading – appears to be a milder threat. With a significant portion of the population remaining unvaccinated and unlikely to get vaccinated; uncertainty regarding virus variants, vaccine resilience and associated breakthrough cases; increasing workforce reentry; school districts returning to live, in-person instruction; and other considerations, the country could still see surges in some areas that could become problematic. Reflecting this, New York and California have reimposed mandatory masking, albeit for a finite period, as a precaution. The TIG will continue to assess the Pandemic Threat Level regularly and provide updates accordingly.
The TIG has determined to maintain the Physical Threat Level as “ELEVATED.” ELEVATED means that FB-ISAO is unaware of any specific threats, but there is concern that an event is more likely than normal. While we assess the general environment to be pointing towards a GUARDED posture, meaning FB-ISAO is unaware of any specific events, we also recognize a general risk of incidents exists. There continue to be a number of ongoing stressors that cause concern. Among those are stressors and potential sparks for conflict relating to COVID (masking, vaccines, safeguards, etc.), economic uncertainty (supply chain disruptions, shortages of holiday goods, inflation scares, job market concerns, etc.), polarizing issues, media and political hyperbole, the continued normalization of violence, and other considerations. These concerns are coupled with continued foreign ideological extremist and domestic extremist propaganda and encouragement for violence against an array of targets – to include people and places of faith. In addition to increasing levels of violence around the country we have seen recent domestic and international incidents (i.e., France, Indonesia) targeting the holidays. There are also the routine seasonal threat associated with the holidays, such as mass gatherings, holiday services and special events, etc., which create potential target rich environments and complex security situations. Vandalism of public Chanukah Menorah displays last month, continued vandalism of churches, mosques and synagogues, and the arson attack on the Fox News Christmas tree in NYC highlight the threat to religious properties and public holiday displays. Therefore, we continue to assess the Physical Threat Level as ELEVATED at this time. The TIG will continue to assess the Physical Threat Level regularly and provide updates accordingly. This determination will be periodically re-evaluated, especially with respect to non-COVID-19-related threats.
The TIG has determined to maintain the Cyber Threat Level at “GUARDED.” GUARDED means FB-ISAO is unaware of any specific or targeted cyber attacks, but a general and pervasive risk of cyber attacks exists, particularly with respect to a recent vulnerability and exploitation impacting a widely used Java logging library maintained by the Apache Software Foundation called log4j. Current activity regarding log4j exploitation includes widespread mass scanning and customized targeted attacks, including from APT actors. Some groups are also deploying ransomware on systems that have been compromised. Log4j usage is ubiquitous among enterprise, cloud services, Internet-of-Things, and Industrial Control Systems networks. CISA estimates hundreds of millions of devices are impacted by this vulnerability. To determine the presence of and address the vulnerable log4j library within your environment, it may be necessary to reach out to your technology support team.
The TIG will continue to assess the Cyber Threat Level and provide updates accordingly. Likewise, the cyber threat landscape will be continuously monitored, but this Cyber Threat Level determination is valid until further notice.
This message is TLP:WHITE. Subject to standard copyright rules, TLP:WHITE information may be distributed without restriction.
The ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic is a complex and blended threat that impacts members and the broader faith-based and charity community in numerous ways. As of July 2021, we have determined to maintain our current pandemic and cyber threat assessments with no change, but are lowering the physical threat level to ELEVATED. FB-ISAO’s Threat and Incident Response Group (TIG) continues to assess the ongoing threats and risks to our community and has made the following updates to our Threat Level Assessments:
The TIG has determined to maintain the Pandemic Threat Level at “ELEVATED.” ELEVATED means that FB-ISAO is unaware of any specific threats, but there is concern that an event is more likely than normal. While we are well aware of the specific threat of the pandemic, we do not believe that a serious nationwide U.S. outbreak at this time is likely, though the possibility of localized outbreaks remains, especially given the Delta Variant and in areas where the population has low vaccine levels, as is being observed in several southern states right now. The success of vaccinations has been encouraging, but the significant decrease in demand coupled with uncertainty regarding virus variants, vaccine resilience and associated breakthrough cases; state, local, and sector re-openings; school districts returning to live, in-person instruction; inconsistent mandates regarding masking and distancing; and warmer weather could see surges in some areas that could become problematic. The TIG will continue to assess the Pandemic Threat Level regularly and provide updates accordingly.
The TIG has determined to maintain the Physical Threat Level as “ELEVATED.” ELEVATED means that FB-ISAO is unaware of any specific threats, but there is concern that an event is more likely than normal. At the end of June, members of the FB-ISAO’s Organizational Resilience Group (ORG) met to deliberately discuss the Physical Threat Level, and whether a change was needed. We noted an apparent increase in gun violence but we shy away from assessing that it reflects a “new normal” nor should it be viewed as a continued path. While many of the COVID restrictions were being lifted, the Delta variant surge is leading to resuming some safety requirements, which could lead to frustration and anger among memberships as well as policy confusion and enforcement challenges. Mass gatherings protesting COVID restrictions can also become both health threats and security threats. Recent protests in Australia, France, England and Germany, among others, point to the potential for further large-scale events that could occur both internationally and in the U.S. This brings unique security challenges across many fronts for organizations and, coupled with several other key considerations, can create situations that escalate quickly and could catch organizations unprepared. Internationally, flare-ups in the Middle East – particularly among Israelis and Palestinians, the unwinding of war efforts in Afghanistan and Iraq, increasing terrorism in parts of Africa, and ongoing tensions in Canada particularly relating to indigenous people and FBOs, among other issues, have the potential to lead to protests or security incidents in the U.S. Additional concerns regarding flashpoint issues, extremism, and enduring threats (such as arson), lead us to assess the Physical Threat Level as ELEVATED. A more detailed explanation has been sent to members. The TIG will continue to assess the Physical Threat Level regularly and provide updates accordingly. This determination will be periodically re-evaluated, especially with respect to non-COVID-19-related threats.
The TIG has determined to maintain the Cyber Threat Level at “GUARDED.” GUARDED means FB-ISAO is unaware of any specific or targeted cyber attacks, but a general and pervasive risk of cyber attacks exists, particularly with respect to scams using COVID-19 vaccinations, ransomware, and revenge motivated targeting across social media. The TIG will continue to assess the Cyber Threat Level and provide updates accordingly. Likewise, the cyber threat landscape will be continuously monitored, but this Cyber Threat Level determination is valid until further notice.
This message is TLP:WHITE. Subject to standard copyright rules, TLP:WHITE information may be distributed without restriction.
The ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic is a complex and blended threat that impacts members and the broader faith-based and charity community in numerous ways. As of July 2021, we have determined to maintain our current pandemic and cyber threat assessments with no change, but are lowering the physical threat level to ELEVATED. FB-ISAO’s Threat and Incident Response Group (TIG) continues to assess the ongoing threats and risks to our community and has made the following updates to our Threat Level Assessments:
The TIG has determined to maintain the Pandemic Threat Level at “ELEVATED.” ELEVATED means that FB-ISAO is unaware of any specific threats, but there is concern that an event is more likely than normal. While we are well aware of the specific threat of the pandemic, we do not believe that a serious nationwide U.S. outbreak at this time is likely, though the possibility of localized outbreaks remains, especially given the Delta Variant and in areas where the population has low vaccine levels. The success of vaccinations has been encouraging, but the significant decrease in demand coupled with uncertainty regarding virus variants, state, local, and sector re-openings, relaxed masking and distancing mandates, and warmer weather could see surges in some areas that could become problematic. The TIG will continue to assess the Pandemic Threat Level regularly and provide updates accordingly.
The TIG has determined to establish the Physical Threat Level as “ELEVATED.” ELEVATED means that FB-ISAO is unaware of any specific threats, but there is concern that an event is more likely than normal. At the end of June, members of the FB-ISAO’s Organizational Resilience Group (ORG) met to deliberately discuss the Physical Threat Level, and whether a change was needed. We noted an apparent increase in gun violence but we shy away from assessing that it reflects a “new normal” nor should it be viewed as a continued path. Many of the remaining COVID restrictions are being lifted, and COVID-related benefits and assistance given to individuals and organizations will expire in the coming months. This brings unique security challenges across many fronts for organizations and, coupled with several other key considerations, can create situations that escalate quickly and could catch organizations unprepared. Additional concerns regarding flashpoint issues, extremism, and enduring threats (such as arson), lead us to assess the Physical Threat Level as ELEVATED. A more detailed explanation has been sent to members. The TIG will continue to assess the Physical Threat Level regularly and provide updates accordingly. This determination will be periodically re-evaluated, especially with respect to non-COVID-19-related threats.
The TIG has determined to maintain the Cyber Threat Level at “GUARDED.” GUARDED means FB-ISAO is unaware of any specific or targeted cyber attacks, but a general and pervasive risk of cyber attacks exists, particularly with respect to scams using COVID-19 vaccinations, ransomware, and revenge motivated targeting across social media. The TIG will continue to assess the Cyber Threat Level and provide updates accordingly. Likewise, the cyber threat landscape will be continuously monitored, but this Cyber Threat Level determination is valid until further notice.
This message is TLP:WHITE. Subject to standard copyright rules, TLP:WHITE information may be distributed without restriction.
The ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic is a complex and blended threat that impacts members and the broader faith-based and charity community in numerous ways. For June 2021, we have determined to maintain our current threat assessment with no change. FB-ISAO’s Threat and Incident Response Group (TIG) continues to assess the ongoing threats and risks to our community and has made the following updates to our Threat Level Assessments:
SUMMARY
The TIG has determined to place the Pandemic Threat Level at “ELEVATED.” ELEVATED means that FB-ISAO is unaware of any specific threats, but there is concern that an event is more likely than normal. While we are well aware of the specific threat of the pandemic, we do not believe that a serious nationwide U.S. outbreak at this time is likely, though the possibility of localized outbreaks remains. While the pace of vaccinations was encouraging, the significant decrease in demand coupled with uncertainty regarding virus variants, state, local, and sector re-openings, relaxed masking and distancing mandates, and warmer weather could see surges in some areas that could become problematic. The TIG will continue to assess the Pandemic Threat Level regularly and provide updates accordingly.
The TIG has determined to maintain the Physical Threat Level at “SEVERE.” SEVERE means an event is highly likely. We believe that coming out of the worst of the pandemic, with re-openings, warmer weather and with a number of potential flashpoints, the likelihood of a significant physical event is likely. While we don’t assess such an event is likely to be of nationwide impact, we feel the current threat environment creates a general threat concern for all FBOs at this time. The TIG will continue to assess the Physical Threat Level regularly and provide updates accordingly. This determination will be periodically re-evaluated, especially with respect to non-COVID-19-related threats.
The TIG has determined to maintain the Cyber Threat Level at “GUARDED.” GUARDED means FB-ISAO is unaware of any specific or targeted cyber attacks, but a general and pervasive risk of cyber attacks exists, particularly with respect to scams using COVID-19 vaccinations, ransomware, and revenge motivated targeting across social media. The TIG will continue to assess the Cyber Threat Level and provide updates accordingly. Likewise, the cyber threat landscape will be continuously monitored, but this Cyber Threat Level determination is valid until further notice.
This message is TLP:WHITE. Subject to standard copyright rules, TLP:WHITE information may be distributed without restriction.
The ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic is a complex and blended threat that impacts members and the broader faith-based and charity community in numerous ways. In May 2021, we have determined to uncouple the pandemic threat from the broader physical threat assessment. FB-ISAO’s Threat and Incident Response Group (TIG) continues to assess the ongoing threats and risks to our community and has made the following updates to our Threat Level Assessments:
SUMMARY
The TIG has determined to place the Pandemic Threat Level at “ELEVATED.” ELEVATED means that FB-ISAO is unaware of any specific threats, but there is concern that an event is more likely than normal. While we are well aware of the specific threat of the pandemic, we do not believe that a serious nationwide U.S. outbreak at this time is likely, though the possibility of localized outbreaks remains. While the pace of vaccinations was encouraging, the significant decrease in demand coupled with uncertainty regarding virus variants, state, local, and sector re-openings, relaxed masking and distancing mandates, and warmer weather could see surges in some areas that could become problematic. The TIG will continue to assess the Pandemic Threat Level regularly and provide updates accordingly.
The TIG has determined to maintain the Physical Threat Level at “SEVERE.” SEVERE means an event is highly likely. We believe that coming out of the worst of the pandemic, with re-openings, warmer weather and with a number of potential flashpoints, the likelihood of a significant physical event is likely. While we don’t assess such an event is likely to be of nationwide impact, we feel the current threat environment creates a general threat concern for all FBOs at this time. The TIG will continue to assess the Physical Threat Level regularly and provide updates accordingly. This determination will be periodically re-evaluated, especially with respect to non-COVID-19-related threats.
The TIG has determined to maintain the Cyber Threat Level at “GUARDED.” GUARDED means FB-ISAO is unaware of any specific or targeted cyber attacks, but a general and pervasive risk of cyber attacks exists, particularly with respect to scams using COVID-19 vaccinations, ransomware, and revenge motivated targeting across social media. The TIG will continue to assess the Cyber Threat Level and provide updates accordingly. Likewise, the cyber threat landscape will be continuously monitored, but this Cyber Threat Level determination is valid until further notice.
This message is TLP:WHITE. Subject to standard copyright rules, TLP:WHITE information may be distributed without restriction.
The ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic is a complex and blended threat impacting members and the broader faith-based and charity community in numerous ways. FB-ISAO’s Threat and Incident Response Group (TIG) continues to assess the ongoing threats and risks to our community and has made the following updates to our Threat Level Assessments:
The TIG has determined to maintain the Physical Threat Level at “SEVERE.” SEVERE means an event is highly likely. Given the continuing threat of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated health concerns, we have determined to maintain the broad Physical Threat Level at SEVERE. While we are greatly encouraged with ongoing vaccine distribution, we anticipate this level being maintained until vaccines are more broadly administered and the infection and fatality trends are consistently moving in a downward direction. Recent increases domestically and concerning international variants, suggest the potential for a new surge remains. The TIG will continue to assess the Physical Threat Level regularly and provide updates accordingly. This determination will be periodically re-evaluated, especially with respect to non-COVID-19-related threats.
The TIG has determined to maintain the Cyber Threat Level at “GUARDED.” GUARDED means FB-ISAO is unaware of any specific or targeted cyber attacks, but a general risk of cyber attacks exists, particularly with respect to scams using COVID-19 vaccinations, ransomware, and revenge motivated targeting across social media. The TIG will continue to assess the Cyber Threat Level and provide updates accordingly. Likewise, the cyber threat landscape will be continuously monitored, but this Cyber Threat Level determination is valid until further notice. Please see below for on-going considerations regarding the Cyber Threat Level.
COVID-19 Pandemic. As we continue through this pandemic, FB-ISAO continues to strongly encourage members “hold the line”. By hold the line, we mean continue to follow FSLTT guidance and directives and reopen, reenter, and resume operations in accordance with, and not ahead of, state, local, and national guidance, directives, and restrictions. While the start of vaccine distribution is greatly encouraging, the threat persists across the U.S. and outbreaks continue. We remain cautious. Members are advised to respect and adhere to FSLTT guidance and, given varying procedures and permissions around the country regarding vaccines distribution, to follow local, state, and CDC guidelines.
While new cases and deaths have been moving in a positive direction, recent data points to small increases, with concerns regarding the potential threat of variants, such as that currently devastating Brazil. As of 29 Mar, the rate of new cases has continued to more slowly increase than it had in recent months and since the last reporting period we are approaching nearly two million new cases since our last assessment (28.1 million/3 million new cases to 30.1 million total cases and from 501,181 deaths as of 24 Feb to 546,704 as of 29 Mar). As of 24 Feb, The CDC reports that national ensemble forecasting “predicts that the number of newly reported COVID-19 deaths will remain stable or have an uncertain trend over the next 4 weeks, with 2,700 to 9,600 new deaths likely reported in the week ending April 17, 2021. The national ensemble predicts that a total of 558,000 to 578,000 COVID-19 deaths will be reported by this date.”
The distribution of vaccines is aggressively underway in the United States and increasing across the globe. While this is an exciting development, the distribution, the vaccination of most Americans, and achieving “herd immunity” will continue to take some time and preventive measures are still important as we move through these next few critical months.
The CDC is tracking continued mutations and infections by type of COVID-19, with concerns regarding variants from the UK, Japan/Brazil, South Africa, and two domestic variants from California. While vaccines seem to be effective against these variants, there are concerns that a variant may exist or develop which vaccines are not effective against. Based on current trends, and the rollout of the vaccines, we are hopeful that new cases and deaths will continue to decrease at an increasing rate in the weeks ahead, but we remain cautious and recognize the real potential for progress to potentially deteriorate.
“…the United States, which saw over 30 million cases and 550,000 coronavirus deaths, is still a ways away from herd immunity: While 93 million people – 28 percent of the country – have received at least one vaccine dose, only 14.6 percent have been fully vaccinated.”
The coronavirus remains an active health threat with the continued possibility for local outbreaks or broader flare-ups, particularly if established best practices such as social distancing and mask wearing are not followed. While many are feeling “pandemic fatigue” and a desire to return to normalcy, a decrease in vigilance and safety will only prolong recovery and the successful return to a more open and safe environment.
Many FBOs have begun or continued phased reopening and by applying smart practices and safety measures, they have been able to avoid new outbreaks at their facilities and among their congregations. These successes are commendable. However, recognizing success should not lead to complacency or a false sense that the threat has passed. Outbreaks can happen quickly and lead to closures and broad infections, as has been observed in communities and FBOs around the country. For those that have been successful, we encourage you to maintain discipline and hold on to your success.
“I’m going to pause here. I’m going to lose the script. And I’m going to reflect on the recurring feeling I have of impending doom. We have so much to look forward to, so much promise and potential of where we are, and so much reason for hope, but right now I’m scared.”
As leaders, we encourage members to fight complacency and fatigue. FBOs should not base policies or enforcement on personal feelings, politics, or other subjective considerations. While as individuals we may agree or disagree with specific measures, FB-ISAO continues to strongly discourage defying state and local guidance and directives and encourages members to reopen, reenter and resume operations in accordance with government guidance and directives.We encourage members to adhere to established best practices such as social distancing and mask wearing, and to make informed decisions based on observable data, not personal or political feelings.
Other ongoing security concerns, include:
Hostile Events and theTargeting of FBOs, Both People and Facilities. As acts of violence, vandalism and arson are being reported regularly in the FBJ, including hate crimes such as spray-painting hate symbols and the destruction of statues, arson, and stabbings, it is important to note there are often connections to other issues and events and actions at FBOs. Relating to protests and for other issues, and sometimes for no clear grievance, FBOs have been targeted with a variety of types of aggression, violence, threats, and more. This is unlikely to change in our current environment. With the consistent incidents of arson and other destructive actions, from rock throwing to IEDs, we strongly recommend FBOs review their security operations, plans, and safeguards to reflect the unique characteristics of those threats. No cost/ low cost measures include securing or moving flammable materials away from buildings, ensuring smoke and fire alarms are in good working order, periodically checking grounds for suspicious or abandoned items, parcels, backpacks, boxes, and containers that could hide or disguise an IED, and having law enforcement and fire authority personnel walk through your facility and plans for additional safeguards.
Given the series of notable religious events and anniversaries underway and coming up, we consider a period of heightened concern for FBOs.
17 February was Ash Wednesday and will culminate with Easter on 04 April. In 2019, a complex coordinated terrorist attack that targeted churches and hotels on Easter morning resulted in 290 deaths and hundreds of injuries and on Palm Sunday 2021, an Indonesian church suffered a suicide attack suspected to have been the work of two Islamic State loyalists. Both attackers died and twenty worshippers were injured.
In the Jewish Calendar, Passover began on 27 March and goes through 04 April.
For Muslims, Ramadan will occur from 12 April through 12 May.
15 March marks the two-year anniversary of the Christchurch, New Zealand shooting. Two weeks ago, a 16-year-old was arrested in Singapore for planning to attack mosques on the anniversary of the attack in a similar fashion and with inspiration from the attacker.
Domestic Extremism. On 27 Jan, the DHS released a National Terrorism Advisory System (NTAS) Bulletin “due to a heightened threat environment across the United States, which DHS believes will persist in the weeks following the successful Presidential Inauguration. Information suggests that some ideologically-motivated violent extremists with objections to the exercise of governmental authority and the presidential transition, as well as other perceived grievances fueled by false narratives, could continue to mobilize to incite or commit violence.” FBOs, while not mentioned in the Bulletin, have continued to see threats and acts of violence at facilities around the country (not solely due to domestic extremism). FB-ISAO has reported on upcoming dates of concern, including upcoming political, religious, and social events that could be targeted by attackers or see protests, counterprotests, and escalated tensions and conflict. Please see the 17 Feb FB-ISAO Weekly Report and the 25 Feb FB-ISAO Advisory for some additional details and commentary.
Protests (General). Since June of last year, we have expressed concern over the potential that protest activities will continue to pose direct and indirect threats to FBOs. Observed throughout 2020 and noted in previous threat assessments and FB-ISAO reporting, whether seen as supportive of protests – directly, logistically, or as sanctuaries or meeting places – or if seen as being opposed to protests, FBOs have been attacked from both sides. We continue to assess protests may pose direct and indirect risks to FBOs. Among other issues, the beginning of the trial process relating to the death of George Floyd began on 29 March. This process, expected to continue into the fall, may lead to local (Minneapolis) and solidarity protest events.
Vaccine-Related Protests. If an FBO becomes involved in vaccine distribution / administration, there is the potential that anti-vaccination protests could develop, or that disturbed/disgruntled people could attack vaccination centers. DHS has stated that, “Organizations involved in the development and distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine should take proactive measures to enhance their overall physical security posture,” and shared security measure guidance as well as the 26 Feb release of the COVID-19 Vaccine Points of Distribution Physical Security Action Guide . We assess this to be a low-level threat but one for FBOs to consider as they may be involved in vaccine distribution and related activities. To date, we have not observed incidences of violence connected to vaccine distribution, but fraud, willful destruction of vaccines, diversion and theft have been reported.
Disgruntled Individuals. In addition to other issues that may excite some individuals to violence, individuals who do not agree with positions taken by an FBO during periods of closure and reopening mayact against those organizations or others. We have continued to see various protests and violent actions aimed at COVID restrictions and individuals enforcing safety procedures and these are regularly reported in the FBJ. Last updated on 01 Sep, the CDC released Limiting Workplace Violence Associated with COVID-19 Prevention Policies in Retail and Services Businesses. While not aimed at FBOs, the guidance may be useful for safety and security personnel to consider. As FBOs reopen and welcome back individuals, some individuals have demonstrated heightened sensitivities regarding these issues and have not responded well to personnel attempting to enforce safety actions. FBOs should prepare “frontline” staff and volunteers regarding how to engage personnel, when to ask for help from senior personnel, and other considerations to prepare them to effectively communicate and assist visitors. Effective ways to safely engage individuals and de-escalation training could help prepare frontline personnel.
Conspiracy Theories. While the motivation behind the Christmas Day 2020 Nashville attack is still not clear, it is possible that conspiracy beliefs / misinformation-related anxiety (i.e., 5G concerns) could have played a part. Already, there has been misinformation alleging the explosion was an attempted government cover-up to hide election fraud, and other such theories. It is possible that, inspired by Nashville and perhaps with additional motivations such as political frustrations and concerns relating to the COVID vaccines, others may be inspired to action. There is some concern around upcoming dates and conspiracy theories; see above for more.
Severe Weather. As the severe weather in Texas and across the country in February demonstrated, leaders need to avoid complacency and respect the impact that potential severe weather can have, on FBOs and our communities where FBOs may serve during response and recovery activities. Tornadoes and flooding have led to death, injury and destruction in areas of the country and we are nearing the start of the 2021 hurricane season and will soon be contending with wildfires and other seasonal challenges. Members are encouraged to use this time to review business operations and continuity plans and to prepare for appropriate local seasonal threats.
For consideration:
Security Bias. As each of us carries a variety of beliefs, opinions, politics, and ideologies, we are reminded of the importance for us to challenge our own biases and tendencies to exaggerate some threats while downplaying others. Members, along with our staff, are encouraged to challenge ourselves and to critically assess perceived threats to avoid “security blindness” where our own biases may lead to misunderstanding threats, risks, and appropriate preparedness to the variety of threats in our environment. In March, FB-ISAO ORG member Ed Heyman discussed media literacy sharing important perspective for analysts and security leaders. The link to that recording has been distributed.
Vigilance. As always, those responsible for FBO security should remain vigilant and alert, not only to threats or acts of violence in your area, but to any changes in adversary tactics, training, or capabilities that could defeat or diminish the effect of your organization’s security or threat mitigations.
Concerns Regarding the Cyber Threat Level
FB-ISAO assess the current overall volume of coronavirus-related cyber attack campaigns remains stable with the predominate scams still leveraging vaccination-titled lures. Overall, the current volume of attacks is consistent with a general “GUARDED” posture. While we assess remaining at “GUARDED” is reasonable, increased vigilance is still recommended due to the ongoing pandemic, associated concerns, distractions, and the need to not become complacent.
Members are encouraged to regularly review the #cybersecurity_general channel in FB-ISAO Slack for a general level of awareness to on-going cyber threats and incidents, such as vulnerabilities and exploits to IT infrastructure. Likewise, it is important to continue providing threat awareness training to staff. There are many open source examples of emails, lures, images, and indicators of compromise being shared daily in the FB-ISAO Daily Journal and #cybersecurity_general Slack channel. Consider appropriate ways to use that information to educate and better prepare staff. FB-ISAO is happy to help develop education and cybersecurity awareness materials for dissemination.
As we offer the constant reminder that WE ARE ALL TARGETS of opportunity, the following are general considerations for continued vigilance:
Ongoing exploitation of Microsoft Exchange vulnerabilities. If your POW maintains on-premise Microsoft Exchange Servers and you have not patched yet, you should operate on the assumption that your environment has been compromised and it is HIGHLY recommended that you investigate for potential compromise concurrently while patching. Microsoft recently published updated analysis and concerns of the most common threats leveraging the recent Exchange vulnerabilities, including the web shells, ransomware, cryptocurrency mining, and credential theft. The post also includes best practices to mitigate against exploits and post-compromise attacker activity. Most notable in the post is that many of the impactful subsequent attacker activities can be mitigated by practicing the principle of least privilege and mitigating lateral movement. Members are encouraged to read the entire post at Microsoft.
Hate-motivated cyber attacks. In the Risk Awareness report for 15 March 2021, Advanced Intelligence, LLC (ADVINTEL) reported that conservative Christian and Muslim communities were directly targeted for their religious affiliations. Gab, an often perceived prominent conservative Christian app suffered a data breach of 70 Gb and the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community withstood a large-scale hate campaign across multiple platforms. Additionally, in the 22 March 2021 Risk Awareness report, ADVINTEL provided information regarding “an ongoing phishing and spyware distribution campaign targeting Sikhs in India.” The attack was reported to be politically motivated, targeting Sikhs for their political inclinations.
“Zoombombing”/meeting bombing. Faith-based organizations continue to experience “Zoombombing” incidents. Current religious celebrations could potentially inspire unsavory individuals to join events. To mitigate this threat, members are encouraged to download the Center for Internet Security’s Videoconferencing Security Guide for guidance and best practices for holding videoconferencing events to reduce the risk from being Zoombombed.
Malware. Faith-based organizations are not immune to malware infections. ADVINTEL has reported on multiple malware infections from ZLoader that have impacted FBOs. ZLoader is malware known to steal financial-related information. ADVINTEL has observed a notable increase in ZLoader activity since the beginning of the pandemic. Given the vast amounts of financial and personally identifiable information (PII) transacted, faith-based organizations are an attractive target for financial-related fraud, including malware and ransomware designed to steal data.
Ransomware. Ransomware continues impacting organizations of all types and sizes. Recently, FB-ISAO became aware of another ransomware incident at a POW. This incident involved the Conti ransomware group claiming to have compromised the FBO and published five percent of the victim’s stolen data. As stated above, POWs are attractive ransomware targets for the valuable financial and personally identifiable information (PII) they collect. Members are encouraged to review ransomware and data breach playbooks, policies, and procedures with staff and MSPs and discuss necessary actions should ransomware impact your organization or third party partners. For more on ransomware preparedness and response, see the Ransomware Guide from CISA and the MS-ISAC.
#BlueLeaks.We continue to stress the need to exercise vigilance when receiving communications purporting to come from any impacted organization, including FB-ISAO, fusion centers, and law enforcement entities. See FB-ISAO Weekly Advisory for 23 December 2020 and the FB-ISAO Advisory emailed to members on 14 January 2021.
Phishing. Cyber tactics such as phishing, smishing (SMS phishing), vishing (voice phishing), whaling (targeting of high-profile targets), disinformation/misinformation, and counterfeit websites leveraging current events represent a perpetual threat.
Be on your guard for scams trying to take advantage of the confusion surrounding COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution. Visit the FTC for a post and infographic on how to avoid vaccine-related scams. Likewise, with places of worship participating as vaccination distribution sites, scams could have direct impact on the faith-based community if actors leverage/impersonate specific organizations to give their scams credibility.
Third party risks. Members are encouraged to exercise due diligence when implementing any third party products and services. Please contact our team for more information on vendor risk management.
Mis/disinformation is still a concern. Mis/disinformation continues to spread regarding coronavirus related and other highly charged matters, including post-election activity. It is imperative to think critically and continue verifying everything. Visit CISA’s #Protect2020 Rumor vs. Reality resources, including the Election Security Resource Library.
Please contact our team with any questions, needs for information, assistance, or any other concerns.
We encourage members to review the FB-ISAO Daily Journal for general threat awareness, updates, and ideas on what other organizations are doing.
Join the #covid-19, #protest_awareness, #cybersecurity, #terrorism_us and other topical channels in FB-ISAO Slack to see more updates, reports, and conversation on threats, and to share your questions, ideas, and actions for others.
This assessment has been developed by FB-ISAO and is our general, nationwide, cyber threat assessment for the U.S. community of faith. As always, for local threat information, members are encouraged to work closely with neighborhood partners, local law enforcement, state and local fusion centers, local FBI field offices, DHS Protective Security Advisors (PSAs), Cybersecurity Advisors (CSAs), and other local experts and responders.
This message is TLP:WHITE. Subject to standard copyright rules, TLP:WHITE information may be distributed without restriction.
The ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic is a complex and blended threat impacting members and the broader faith-based and charity community in numerous ways. FB-ISAO’s Threat and Incident Response Group (TIG) continues to assess the ongoing threats and risks to our community and has made the following updates to our Threat Level Assessments:
The TIG has determined to maintain the Physical Threat Level at “SEVERE.” SEVERE means an event is highly likely. Given the ongoing threat of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated health concerns, we have determined to maintain the broad Physical Threat Level at SEVERE. While we are greatly encouraged with vaccine distribution, we anticipate this level being maintained until vaccines are more broadly administered and the infection and fatality trends are consistently moving in a downward direction. The TIG will continue to assess the Physical Threat Level regularly and provide updates accordingly. This determination will be periodically re-evaluated, especially with respect to non-COVID-19-related threats.
The TIG has determined to maintain the Cyber Threat Level at “GUARDED.” GUARDED means FB-ISAO is unaware of any specific or targeted cyber attacks, but a general risk of cyber attacks exists, particularly with respect to scams using COVID-19 vaccinations, continued meeting bombing (Zoombombing) incidents, phishing using FB-ISAO’s likeness, scams using subjects for first of the year observance “Days.”. The TIG will continue to assess the Cyber Threat Level and provide updates accordingly. Likewise, the cyber threat landscape will be continuously monitored, but this Cyber Threat Level determination is valid until further notice. Please see below for on-going considerations regarding the Cyber Threat Level.
Currently, we have two primary concerns regarding the physical threat level – the ongoing pandemic and the heightened threat environment relating to domestic extremism.
COVID-19 Pandemic. As we continue through this pandemic, FB-ISAO continues to strongly encourage members “hold the line”. By hold the line, we mean continue to follow FSLTT guidance and directives and reopen, reenter, and resume operations in accordance with, and not ahead of, state, local, and national guidance, directives, and restrictions. While the start of vaccine distribution is greatly encouraging, the threat persists across the U.S. and outbreaks continue. We remain cautious. Members are advised to respect and adhere to FSLTT guidance.
While we have passed a disastrous milestone with now over 500,000 COVID-related deaths, new cases and deaths are moving in a positive direction and the CDC’s national ensemble predicts continued decreases in both through February. The rate of growth in new cases and reported deaths has declined significantly after months of rapid acceleration. As of 24 Feb, the rate of new cases has been halved since the last reporting period we are approaching nearly six million new cases since our last assessment (from 25.2 million and six millions new cases to 28.1 million/3 million new cases and from 419,827 deaths to now 501,181 as of 24 Feb). As of 24 Feb, The CDC reports that “national ensemble predicts that the number of newly reported COVID-19 deaths will likely decrease over the next 4 weeks, with 4,300 to 12,600 new deaths likely reported in the week ending March 20, 2021. The national ensemble predicts that a total of 526,000 to 548,000 COVID-19 deaths will be reported by this date.”
The distribution of vaccines is underway in the United States and across the globe. While this is an exciting development, the distribution will take time and preventive measures are still important as we move through 2021. The CDC is tracking continued mutations and infections by type of COVID-19. Variations observed include those from the United Kingdom, South Africa, Nigeria, Zambia, and there are concerns regarding the development of additional variants in the United States, such as in Minnesota, California, New York, and elsewhere. While vaccines seem to be effective against these variants, there are concerns that a variant may exist or develop which vaccines are not effective against. Based on current trends, and the rollout of the vaccines, we are hopeful that new cases and deaths will continue to decrease at an increasing rate in the weeks ahead, but we remain cautious and recognize the real potential for progress to potentially deteriorate.
“the number of people hospitalized with COVID-19 in the U.S. has dropped by 80,000 in six weeks, and 17% of the nation’s adult population has gotten at least one dose of a vaccine”
The coronavirus remains an active health threat with the continued possibility for local outbreaks or broader flare-ups, particularly if established best practices such as social distancing and mask wearing are not followed. While many are feeling “pandemic fatigue” and a desire to return to normalcy, a decrease in vigilance and safety will only prolong recovery and the successful return to a more open and safe environment.
Many FBOs have begun or continued phased reopening and by applying smart practices and safety measures, they have been able to avoid new outbreaks at their facilities and among their congregations. These successes are commendable. However, recognizing success should not lead to complacency or a false sense that the threat has passed. Outbreaks can happen quickly and lead to closures and broad infections, as has been observed in communities and FBOs around the country. For those that have been successful, we encourage you to maintain discipline and hold on to your success.
As leaders, we encourage members to fight complacency and fatigue. FBOs should not base policies or enforcement on personal feelings, politics, or other subjective considerations. While as individuals we may agree or disagree with specific measures, FB-ISAO continues to strongly discourage defying state and local guidance and directives and encourages members to reopen, reenter and resume operations in accordance with government guidance and directives.We encourage members to adhere to established best practices such as social distancing and mask wearing, and to make informed decisions based on observable data, not personal or political feelings.
Domestic Extremism. The increasing tensions over the course of the 2020 election season came to a boil with the storming of the U.S. Capitol building on 06 Jan. From that event and given related concerns, on 27 Jan, the DHS released a National Terrorism Advisory System (NTAS) Bulletin “due to a heightened threat environment across the United States, which DHS believes will persist in the weeks following the successful Presidential Inauguration. Information suggests that some ideologically-motivated violent extremists with objections to the exercise of governmental authority and the presidential transition, as well as other perceived grievances fueled by false narratives, could continue to mobilize to incite or commit violence.” FBOs, while not mentioned in the Bulletin, have continued to see threats and acts of violence at facilities around the country (not solely due to domestic extremism). FB-ISAO has reported on upcoming dates of concern, including upcoming political, religious, and social events that could be targeted by attackers or see protests, counterprotests, and escalated tensions and conflict. Please see the 17 Feb FB-ISAO Weekly Report and the 25 Feb FB-ISAO Advisory for some additional details and commentary.
There could be potential activity relating to the idea of some QAnon believers that former President Trump will return to office and be sworn in on 04 March (read more here [Reuters] and here [Vox]), though this date is reportedly being downplayed among QAnon “influencers” now. While FBOs may not be a primary target of such beliefs and the associated angst, they could be, and could also be indirectly targeted by way of location and neighboring facilities.
There is continued concern that some extremists are still interested in conducting attacks in the Washington, D.C. area, possibly to coincide with the upcoming State of The Union (SOTU) address from President Biden (date, TBD). See NBC, among others, for more.
Other ongoing security concerns, include:
Hostile Events and theTargeting of FBOs, Both People and Facilities. As acts of violence, vandalism and arson are being reported regularly in the FBJ, including hate crimes such as spray-painting hate symbols and the destruction of statues, arson, and stabbings, it is important to note there are often connections to other issues and events and actions at FBOs. Relating to protests and for other issues, and sometimes for no clear grievance, FBOs have been targeted with a variety of types of aggression, violence, threats, and more. This is unlikely to change in our current environment. Given the series of notable religious events and anniversaries underway and coming up, we consider a period of heightened concern for FBOs.
17 February was Ash Wednesday and will culminate with Easter on 04 April. In 2019, a complex coordinated terrorist attack that targeted churches and hotels on Easter morning resulted in 290 deaths and hundreds of injuries.
In the Jewish Calendar, Passover begins on 27 March and goes through 04 April.
For Muslims, Ramadan will occur from 12 April through 12 May.
15 March marks the two-year anniversary of the Christchurch, New Zealand shooting. Two weeks ago, a 16-year-old was arrested in Singapore for planning to attack mosques on the anniversary of the attack in a similar fashion and with inspiration from the attacker.
Protests (General). Since June, we have expressed concern over the potential that protest activities will continue to pose direct and indirect threats to FBOs. Observed throughout 2020 and noted in previous threat assessments and FB-ISAO reporting, whether seen as supportive of protests – directly, logistically, or as sanctuaries or meeting places – or if seen as being opposed to protests, FBOs have been attacked from both sides. We continue to assess protests may pose direct and indirect risks to FBOs. Among other issues, the beginning of the trial process relating to the death of George Floyd is set to being in March. This process, expected to continue into the fall, may lead to local (Minneapolis) and solidarity protest events.
Vaccine-Related Protests. If an FBO becomes involved in vaccine distribution / administration, there is the potential that anti-vaccination protests could develop, or that disturbed/disgruntled people could attack vaccination centers. DHS has stated that, “Organizations involved in the development and distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine should take proactive measures to enhance their overall physical security posture,” and shared security measure guidance as well as the 26 Feb release of the COVID-19 Vaccine Points of Distribution Physical Security Action Guide . We assess this to be a low-level threat but one for FBOs to consider as they may be involved in vaccine distribution and related activities. To date, we have not observed incidences of violence connected to vaccine distribution, but fraud, willful destruction of vaccines, diversion and theft have been reported.
Disgruntled Individuals. In addition to other issues that may excite some individuals to violence, such as the recent church IED noted above, individuals who do not agree with positions taken by an FBO during periods of closure and reopening mayact against those organizations or others. We have continued to see various protests and violent actions aimed at COVID restrictions and individuals enforcing safety procedures. Last updated on 01 Sep, the CDC released Limiting Workplace Violence Associated with COVID-19 Prevention Policies in Retail and Services Businesses. While not aimed at FBOs, the guidance may be useful for safety and security personnel to consider. As FBOs reopen and welcome back individuals, some individuals have demonstrated heightened sensitivities regarding these issues and have not responded well to personnel attempting to enforce safety actions. FBOs should prepare “frontline” staff and volunteers regarding how to engage personnel, when to ask for help from senior personnel, and other considerations to prepare them to effectively communicate and assist visitors. Effective ways to safely engage individuals and de-escalation training could help prepare frontline personnel.
Nashville Attack and Other Conspiracy Theories. While the motivation behind the Christmas Day 2020 Nashville attack is still not clear, it is possible that conspiracy beliefs / misinformation-related anxiety (i.e., 5G concerns) could have played a part. Already, there has been misinformation alleging the explosion was an attempted government cover-up to hide election fraud, and other such theories. It is possible that, inspired by Nashville and perhaps with additional motivations such as political frustrations and concerns relating to the COVID vaccines, others may be inspired to action. There is some concern around upcoming dates and conspiracy theories; see above for more.
Severe Weather. As the severe weather in Texas and across the country in February demonstrated, leaders need to avoid complacency and respect the impact that potential severe weather can have, on FBOs and our communities where FBOs may serve during response and recovery activities. We are now within 100 days of hurricane season and will soon be contending with annual spring flooding, fires, and other seasonal challenges. Members are encouraged to use this time to review business operations and continuity plans and to prepare for appropriate local seasonal threats.
For consideration:
Security Bias. As each of us carries a variety of beliefs, opinions, politics, and ideologies, we are reminded of the importance for us to challenge our own biases and tendencies to exaggerate some threats while downplaying others. Members, along with our staff, are encouraged to challenge ourselves and to critically assess perceived threats to avoid “security blindness” where our own biases may lead to misunderstanding threats, risks, and appropriate preparedness to the variety of threats in our environment.
Vigilance. As always, those responsible for FBO security should remain vigilant and alert, not only to threats or acts of violence in your area, but to any changes in adversary tactics, training, or capabilities that could defeat or diminish the effect of your organization’s security or threat mitigations.
Concerns Regarding the Cyber Threat Level.
FB-ISAO assess the current overall volume of coronavirus-related cyber attack campaigns remains stable with the predominate scams leveraging vaccination-titled lures. Nonetheless, the current volume is consistent with a general “GUARDED” posture. While we assess remaining at “GUARDED” is reasonable, increased vigilance is still recommended due to the ongoing pandemic, associated concerns, distractions, and the need to not become complacent.
If you have not done so, we still encourage members to familiarize themselves with the FB-ISAO Weekly Advisory for 23 December 2020 regarding phishing activity using the likeness of FB-ISAO that could potentially be related to #BlueLeaks.
Finally, members are also encouraged to regularly review the #cybersecurity_general channel in FB-ISAO Slack for a general level of awareness to on-going cyber threats and incidents, such as vulnerabilities and exploits to IT infrastructure.
As we offer the constant reminder that WE ARE ALL TARGETS of opportunity, the following are general considerations for continued vigilance:
Continued “Zoombombing”/meeting bombing. Faith-based organizations continue to experience disturbing, heart-wrenching, and offensive “Zoombombing” incidents. In some cases, the disruptions are caused by people using congregants’ names. Many meeting bombing incidents occur due to public posting of meeting links and often deficient procedures when hosting such videoconferencing events. But in such cases where the disruptor is purporting to be a legitimate congregant, it is important for hosts to be prepared to immediately disable sharing options or better yet, eject the offender from the meeting. Members are encouraged to review the security settings on their videoconferencing platforms and apply best practices and procedures to reduce the risk from this prevalent disturbance. Most teleconference platform vendors have published tips for maintaining secure meetings and FB-ISAO has previously shared tips for securing online events. In addition, members are encouraged to download the Center for Internet Security’s Videoconferencing Security Guide for more guidance and best practices for mitigating this threat.
Malware. Faith-based organizations are not immune to malware infections. In a Partner Report sent to members on February 23, 2021, Advanced Intelligence (ADVINTEL) reported on a malware infection from ZLoader that impacted a family-run funeral home. ZLoader is malware known to steal financial-related information. ADVINTEL has observed a notable increase in ZLoader activity since the beginning of the pandemic. Given the vast amounts of financial and personally identifiable information (PII) transacted, faith-based organizations are an attractive target for financial-related fraud, including malware designed to steal data.
On-going ransomware attacks with subsequent leaked data. Ransomware continues impacting organizations of all types and sizes. Recently, FB-ISAO became aware and sent an Advisory on February 11, 2021 regarding a potential CLOP ransomware incident at a U.S. synagogue. In addition, actors responsible for Babuk/Babyk ransomware made a claim regarding charities/non-profits – indicating they would not extort “(a)ny non-profitable charitable foundation (except the foundations who help LGBT and BLM). As recent physical security events have shown, regardless of an FBOs position, that stance could pose a physical or cyber risk. Members are encouraged to review ransomware and data breach playbooks, policies, and procedures with staff and MSPs and discuss necessary actions should ransomware impact your organization or third party partners. For more on ransomware preparedness and response, see the Ransomware Guide from CISA and the MS-ISAC.
#BlueLeaks.We continue to stress the need to exercise vigilance when receiving communications purporting to come from any impacted organization, including FB-ISAO, fusion centers, and law enforcement entities (see FB-ISAO Weekly Advisory for 23 December 2020). Furthermore, be cautious of any activity from entities attempting to “survey” individuals who have received emails from FB-ISAO and other impacted organizations (fusion centers and law enforcement entities) as highlighted in an FB-ISAO Advisory emailed to members on 14 January 2021.
Phishing. Cyber tactics such as phishing, smishing (SMS phishing), vishing (voice phishing), whaling (targeting of high-profile targets), disinformation/misinformation, and counterfeit websites leveraging current events represent a perpetual threat.
Be on your guard for scams trying to take advantage of the confusion surrounding COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution. Visit the FTC for a post and infographic on how to avoid vaccine-related scams. Likewise, with houses of worship participating as vaccination distribution sites, scams could have direct impact on the faith-based community if actors leverage/impersonate specific organizations to give their scams credibility.
Furthermore, threat actors commonly leverage upcoming sales related to national holidays and observances. Members are urged to treat every sale and solicitation communication with suspicion.
SolarWinds. While the December disclosure of the SolarWinds Orion product compromise is presumed less likely to impact most FBO’s, a general threat still exists from similar third-party product/service compromises. Information on SolarWinds continues to be included in the Faith-Based Daily Journal and other //TLP:WHITE summaries sent by FB-ISAO since 13 December 2020. Additionally, information is available in a CISA Insights: What Every Leader Needs to Know About the Ongoing APT Cyber Activity. Members are encouraged to exercise due diligence when implementing any third party products and services. Please contact our team for more information on vendor risk management.
Vulnerabilities in church management software platforms. During January, we were made aware of at least two widely used church management software platforms that were impacted by potential cyber threats. At this time, we are currently unaware of any new vulnerabilities, but urge members to review prior reporting and address accordingly.
On 6 January 2021, in the FB-ISAO #general Slack channel, a notice was sent to all members regarding a malicious domain registration for the church management software platform Realm. Multiple variations of the login domain (onrealm [.] org) had been registered and members who use Realm were encouraged to block incoming email from the fictitious domains.
On 14 January 2021, the ADVINTEL Faith-Based Sector Intelligence Advisory includes information regarding two critical vulnerabilities in Rock RMS. Members that use Rock RMS are encouraged to read the report, apply available vendor patches immediately, and monitor for malicious activity from a potential compromise of the software.
Mis/disinformation is still a concern. Mis/disinformation continues to spread regarding coronavirus related and other highly charged matters, including post-election activity. It is imperative to think critically and continue verifying everything. Visit CISA’s #Protect2020 Rumor vs. Reality resources, including the Election Security Resource Library.
Continue enabling/encouraging remote staff to work securely. As organizations continue prolonged or permanent work from home models, it is important to promote a secure remote work environment. To enable safe telecommuting, review CISA’s Telework Guidance and Resources page and StaySafeOnline’s COVID-19 Security Resource Library. Likewise, for more considerations, FB-ISAO recently published a report on Securing Your Organization Beyond COVID.
Continue providing threat awareness training to staff. There are many open source examples of emails, lures, images, and indicators of compromise being shared daily in the FB-ISAO Daily Journal. Consider appropriate ways to use that information to educate and better prepare staff. FB-ISAO is happy to help develop education and cybersecurity awareness materials for dissemination.
Please contact our team with any questions, needs for information, assistance, or any other concerns.
We encourage members to review the FB-ISAO Daily Journal for general threat awareness, updates, and ideas on what other organizations are doing.
Join the #covid-19, #protest_awareness, #cybersecurity, #terrorism_us and other topical channels in FB-ISAO Slack to see more updates, reports, and conversation on threats, and to share your questions, ideas, and actions for others.
This assessment has been developed by FB-ISAO and is our general, nationwide, cyber threat assessment for the U.S. community of faith. As always, for local threat information, members are encouraged to work closely with neighborhood partners, local law enforcement, state and local fusion centers, local FBI field offices, DHS Protective Security Advisors (PSAs), Cybersecurity Advisors (CSAs), and other local experts and responders.
This message is TLP:WHITE. Subject to standard copyright rules, TLP:WHITE information may be distributed without restriction.
The ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic is a complex and blended threat impacting members and the broader faith-based and charity community in numerous ways and that continues to impact security and response, both to manmade and natural threats. FB-ISAO’s Threat and Incident Response Group (TIG) continues to assess the ongoing threats and risks to our community and has made the following updates to our Threat Level Assessments:
The TIG has determined to maintain the Physical Threat Level at “SEVERE.” SEVERE means an event is highly likely. Given the ongoing threat of the COVID-19 pandemic and the approaching U.S. winter season and associated health concerns, we have determined to maintain the broad Physical Threat Level at SEVERE and anticipate this level being maintained until a decrease in the threat of the pandemic as vaccines are administered and a possible decrease of travel as the winter season and seasonal health threats pass. The TIG will continue to assess the Physical Threat Level regularly and provide updates accordingly. This determination will be periodically re-evaluated, especially with respect to non-COVID-19-related threats.
The TIG has determined to maintain the Cyber Threat Level at “GUARDED.” GUARDED means FB-ISAO is unaware of any specific or targeted cyber attacks, but a general risk of cyber attacks exist, particularly with respect to phishing using FB-ISAO’s likeness, the SolarWinds Orion/supply chain compromise, and scams using subjects for first of the year observance “Days” and COVID-19 vaccinations. The TIG will continue to assess the Cyber Threat Level and provide updates accordingly. Likewise, the cyber threat landscape will be continuously monitored, but this Cyber Threat Level determination is valid until further notice. Please see below for on-going considerations regarding the Cyber Threat Level.
At this time, we have two primary concerns regarding the physical threat level – the ongoing pandemic and the heightened threat environment relating to domestic extremism.
COVID-19 Pandemic.
As we continue through this pandemic, with jurisdictions around the country and internationally having moved back and forth between local, state and national restrictions based on the continued surge of COVID-19, FB-ISAO continues to strongly encourage members “hold the line”. By hold the line, we mean continue to follow FSLTT guidance and directives and reopen, reenter and resume operations in accordance with, and not ahead of, such guidance and directives. While the arrival of vaccines is greatly encouraging, the threat persists across the U.S.; members are advised to respect and adhere to FSLTT guidance.
The pandemic has continued to surge and, though a decrease in new cases has occurred since mid-January, deaths remained at peak levels with a slight decrease. As of 21 Jan, we are approaching nearly six million new cases since our last assessment (from 19.43 million cases to 25.2 million and from 337,419 deaths to now 419,827) and as of 25 Jan, the CDC reports that the national ensemble forecasting predicts significantly increasing numbers of anticipated deaths with “13,500 to 25,000 new deaths likely reported in the week ending February 20, 2021. The national ensemble predicts that a total of 479,000 to 514,000 COVID-19 deaths will be reported by this date.” Based on current behaviors and trends and the still slow rollout of the vaccines, the surge in cases and deaths will continue through the winter before an anticipated tapering off as we move towards spring.
“Our plan will take time… Despite our best intentions, we’re going to face setbacks.” – President Joe Biden, as quoted by The Hill, 27 Jan.
The distribution of vaccines is underway in the United States and across the globe. While this is an exciting development, the distribution will take time and preventive measures are still important as we move through 2021. As recently observed, there are continued mutations of COVID-19, such as the variations from the United Kingdom, South Africa, and Nigeria, as well as other variations developing in the United States and elsewhere. While vaccines seem to be effective against these variants, there are concerns that a variant may exist or develop which vaccines are not effective against. Exacerbating the existing challenges is the increasing challenge of “pandemic fatigue,” as Americans grow tired of restrictions and seek to return to normalcy. While understandable, a decrease in vigilance and safety will only prolong recovery and a return to a more open and safe environment.
While there is a lot of conflicting reporting and varied assessments regarding the threat, and as both personally and organizationally, many are understandably feeling pandemic fatigue, the coronavirus remains a very active health threat with continued local outbreaks or broader flare-ups, with more potential concerns particularly if established best practices such as social distancing and mask wearing are not followed. FB-ISAO assesses that we remain in a high-risk period.
Worth noting, many FBOs have begun or continued phased reopening and by applying smart practices and safety measures, they have been able to avoid outbreaks at their facilities and among their congregations. These successes are commendable but recognizing success should not lead to complacency or a false sense that the threat has passed. As we wrestle with pandemic fatigue and the continued surge in cases, we need to avoid the danger of overconfidence. Outbreaks can happen quickly and lead to closures and broad infections, as has been observed in communities and FBOs around the country. For those that have been successful, we encourage you to maintain discipline and hold on to your success.
As leaders, we encourage members to fight complacency and fatigue. FBOs should not base policies or enforcement on personal feelings, politics, or other subjective considerations. While as individuals we may agree or disagree with specific measures, FB-ISAO continues to strongly discourage defying state and local guidance and directives and encourages members to reopen, reenter and resume operations in accordance with government guidance and directives.
Again, we encourage members to adhere to established best practices such as social distancing and mask wearing, and to make informed decisions based on observable data, not personal or political feelings.
Domestic Extremism.
The increasing tensions over the course of the 2020 election season came to a boil with the storming of the U.S. Capitol building on 06 Jan. From that event and given related concerns, on 27 Jan, the DHS released a National Terrorism Advisory System (NTAS) Bulletin “due to a heightened threat environment across the United States, which DHS believes will persist in the weeks following the successful Presidential Inauguration. Information suggests that some ideologically-motivated violent extremists with objections to the exercise of governmental authority and the presidential transition, as well as other perceived grievances fueled by false narratives, could continue to mobilize to incite or commit violence.” FBOs, while not mentioned in the Bulletin, have continued to see threats and acts of violence during this period of escalated threat. As noted in recent Faith-Based Daily Journal (FBJ), FBOs – Jewish and Muslim – have received threatening letters, and a recent explosive attack at a California church, along with many continued cases of destruction, vandalism and arson, show individuals may progress through the Hostile Events Attack Cycle and move towards taking action. The IED occurred at a “conservative” church that had spoken out against LGBTQ issues, and threats had been received by “progressive” churches leading up to the Inauguration, showing there are threat actors of all stripes and all types of FBOs may be potentially be targeted by extremists.
With notable events and dates coming up (i.e., former President Trump’s potential impeachment trial, 04 Mar [previous presidential inauguration date associated with ongoing conspiracy theories]), there may be additional flashpoints in the weeks ahead.
De-platforming. With mainstream social media like Twitter and Facebook taking action against extremism, and with the shutdown of Parler, some have moved to alternative platforms such as Discord, MeWe and Telegram, among others. This can make intelligence collection more challenging, even as it may make coordination for events more challenging as well. Breakdowns in communications cause disruption for groups and the authorities tracking them alike; and absent the brakes that group communications can have on violence-prone members, splinter factions and rogue actors may choose to launch attacks on their own.
As members consider their security posture with regards to enduring and evolving physical security threats, they are encouraged to consider that recent events have demonstrated the variety and types of common objects (from fence posts to hockey sticks to bike racks to flagpoles, etc.) and improvised explosives that are readily available to would-be violent actors and the ease with which they could be used against Houses of Worship and other FBOs. Whether a deliberate attack or an escalation from a protest or other mass gathering, such items have the potential to be turned into improvised weapons and battering rams. Members may want to consider how well existing mitigations stand up to a potential siege-like assault. Members are encouraged to consider items such as bollards, ballistic film-reinforced windows and doors, gates, locks, lights, cameras and other security measures. Whether relating to protests on controversial issues or positions an FBO may be associated with, use of a facility for vaccine distribution, high-profile guests that could lead to security concerns (see this recent example, “ Lauren Boebert cancels meeting at Colorado church over security concerns,” 30 Jan), or other potentially trigger, the events at the Capitol, as well as routine violence and vandalism at FBOs, have shown that escalation can occur quickly and violently. Members are encouraged to consider recent events and the NTAS Bulletin with respect to their security operations and preparedness.
Beyond the explicit health threat, we have other security concerns, including:
Protests (General). Since June, we have expressed concern over the potential that protest activities will continue to pose direct and indirect threats to FBOs. Observed throughout 2020 and noted in previous threat assessments and FB-ISAO reporting, whether seen as supportive of protests – directly, logistically, or as sanctuaries or meeting places – or if seen as being opposed to protests, FBOs have been attacked from both sides. We continue to assess protests may pose direct and indirect risks to FBOs. With continued frustrations over the 2020 elections or with new frustrations that may develop with an incoming presidential administration, protests may again flare-up in the weeks ahead. One upcoming notable date is 08 Mar, when the trial of at least one of the police officers – Derek Chauvin – charged in the death of George Floydis expected to begin.
Vaccine-Related Protests. If an FBO becomes involved in vaccine distribution / administration, there is the potential that anti-vaccination protests could develop or that disturbed/disgruntled people attacking vaccination centers. DHS has stated that, “Organizations involved in the development and distribution of the COVID-19 vaccineshould take proactive measures to enhance their overall physical security posture,” and shared security measure guidance. We assess this to be a low-level threat but one for FBOs to consider as they may be involved in vaccine distribution and related activities. To date, we have not observed incidences of violence connected to vaccine distribution, but fraud and theft have been reported.
Disgruntled Individuals. In addition to other issues that may excite some individuals to violence, such as the recsnt church IED noted above, individuals who do not agree with positions taken by an FBO during periods of closure and reopening may take action against those organizations or others. We have continued to see various protests and violent actions aimed at COVID restrictions and individuals enforcing safety procedures. Last updated on 01 Sep, the CDC released Limiting Workplace Violence Associated with COVID-19 Prevention Policies in Retail and Services Businesses. While not aimed at FBOs, the guidance may be useful for safety and security personnel to consider. As FBOs reopen and welcome back individuals, some individuals have demonstrated heightened sensitivities regarding these issues and have not responded well to personnel attempting to enforce safety actions. FBOs should prepare “frontline” staff and volunteers regarding how to engage personnel, when to ask for help from senior personnel, and other considerations to prepare them to effectively communicate and assist visitors. Effective ways to safely engage individuals and de-escalation training could help prepare frontline personnel.
Nashville Attack and Other Conspiracy Theories. While the motivation behind the Christmas Day 2020 Nashville attack is still not clear, it is possible that conspiracy beliefs / misinformation-related anxiety (i.e., 5G concerns) could have played a part. Already, there has been misinformation alleging the explosion was an attempted government cover-up to hide election fraud, and other such theories. It is possible that, inspired by Nashville and perhaps with additional motivations such as political frustrations and concerns relating to the COVID vaccines, others may be inspired to action. There is some concern around upcoming dates and conspiracy theories. Perhaps most notably, there could be potential activity relating to the idea of some Qanon believers that former President Trump will return to office and be sworn in on 04 March(read more). While FBOs may not be a primary target of such beliefs and the associated angst, they could be, and could also be indirectly targeted by way of location and neighboring facilities.
Hostile Events and theTargeting of FBOs, Both People and Facilities. As acts of violence, vandalism and arson are being reported regularly in the FBJ, including hate crimes such as spray-painting hate symbols and the destruction of statues, arson and stabbings, it is important to note there are often connections between other issues and events and actions that may be taken at FBOs. Relating to protests and for other issues, and sometimes for no clear grievance, FBOs have been targeted by a variety of types of aggression and violence – at facilities, on statues, with threats, and more. This is unlikely to change in our current environment. Further, Europe has seen several low-tech terrorism attacks conducted by violent jihadists. While such attacks have not occurred recently in the U.S., terrorist propaganda continues to promote attacks and it is possible would-be jihadists could seek to conduct attacks domestically, and potentially aimed at FBOs, as has been observed overseas.
Concerns Regarding the Cyber Threat Level.
FB-ISAO assess the current overall volume of coronavirus-related cyber attack campaigns remains stable with the predominate scams leveraging vaccination-titled lures. Nonetheless, the current volume is consistent with a general “GUARDED” posture. While we assess remaining at “GUARDED” is reasonable, increased vigilance is still recommended due to the ongoing pandemic and associated concerns and distractions. Additionally, members are highly encouraged to familiarize themselves with the FB-ISAO Weekly Advisory for 23 December 2020 regarding phishing activity using the likeness of FB-ISAO that could potentially be related to #BlueLeaks. Finally, members are encouraged to review the #cybersecurity_general channel in FB-ISAO Slack for a general level of awareness to on-going cyber threats and incidents.
As we offer the constant reminder that WE ARE ALL TARGETS of opportunity, the following are general considerations for continued vigilance:
Vulnerabilities in church management software platforms. During January, we were made aware of at least two widely used church management software platforms that were impacted by potential cyber threats.
On 6 January 2021, in the FB-ISAO #general Slack channel, a notice was sent to all members regarding a malicious domain registration for the church management software platform Realm. Multiple variations of the login domain (onrealm [.] org) had been registered and members who use Realm were encouraged to block incoming email from the fictitious domains.
On 14 January 2021, the ADVINTEL Faith-Based Sector Intelligence Advisory includes information regarding two critical vulnerabilities in Rock RMS. Members that use Rock RMS are encouraged to read the report, apply available vendor patches immediately, and monitor for malicious activity from a potential compromise of the software.
#BlueLeaks.We continue to stress the need to exercise vigilance when receiving communications purporting to come from any impacted organization, including FB-ISAO, fusion centers, and law enforcement entities (see FB-ISAO Weekly Advisory for 23 December 2020). Furthermore, be cautious of any activity from entities attempting to “survey” individuals who have received emails from FB-ISAO and other impacted organizations (fusion centers and law enforcement entities) as highlighted in an FB-ISAO Advisory emailed to members on 14 January 2021.
Cyber tactics such as phishing, smishing (SMS phishing), vishing (voice phishing), whaling (targeting of high-profile targets), disinformation/misinformation, and counterfeit websites leveraging current events represent a perpetual threat.
Be on your guard for scams trying to take advantage of the confusion surrounding COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution. Visit the FTC for a post and infographic on how to avoid vaccine-related scams. Likewise, with houses of worship participating as vaccination distribution sites, scams could have direct impact on the faith-based community if actors leverage/impersonate specific organizations to give their scams credibility.
Furthermore, threat actors commonly leverage upcoming sales related to national holidays and observances such as, Valentine’s Day, Presidents’ Day (Washington’s Birthday), etc. Members are urged to treat every sale and solicitation communication with suspicion.
While the recent compromise of the SolarWinds Orion product is presumed less likely to impact most FBO’s, a general threat still exists from similar third-party product/service compromises. Information on SolarWinds continues to be included nearly each week in Faith-Based Daily Journal and other TLP:WHITE summaries sent by FB-ISAO since 13 December 2020. Additionally, information is available in a CISA Insights: What Every Leader Needs to Know About the Ongoing APT Cyber Activity. Members are encouraged to exercise due diligence when implementing any third-party products and services. Please contact our team for more information on vendor risk management.
On-going ransomware attacks with subsequent leaked data. Ransomware continues impacting organizations of all types and sizes. Members are encouraged to review ransomware and data breach playbooks, policies, and procedures with staff and MSPs and discuss necessary actions should ransomware impact your organization or third party partners. For more on ransomware preparedness and response, see the Ransomware Guide from CISA and the MS-ISAC.
Continued “Zoombombing.” Faith-based organizations continue to experience disturbing and heart-wrenching “Zoombombing” incidents. Many Zoombombing incidents occur due to public posting of meeting links and often deficient procedures when hosting such videoconferencing events. Members are encouraged to review the security settings on their videoconferencing platforms and apply best practices and procedures to reduce the risk from this prevalent disturbance. Most teleconference platform vendors have published tips for maintaining secure meetings and FB-ISAO has previously shared tips for securing online events. In addition, members are encouraged to download the Center for Internet Security’s Videoconferencing Security Guide for more guidance and best practices for mitigating this threat.
Mis/disinformation is still a concern. Mis/disinformation continues to spread regarding coronavirus related and other highly charged matters, including post-election activity. It is imperative to think critically and continue verifying everything. Visit CISA’s #Protect2020 Rumor vs. Reality resources, including the Election Security Resource Library.
Continue enabling/encouraging remote staff to work securely. As organizations continue prolonged or permanent work from home models, it is important to promote a secure remote work environment. To enable safe telecommuting, review CISA’s Telework Guidance and Resources page and StaySafeOnline’s COVID-19 Security Resource Library.
Continue providing threat awareness training to staff. There are many open source examples of emails, lures, images, and indicators of compromise being shared daily in the FB-ISAO Daily Journal. Consider appropriate ways to use that information to educate and better prepare staff. FB-ISAO is happy to help develop education and cybersecurity awareness materials for dissemination.
Please contact our team with any questions, needs for information, assistance or any other concerns.
We encourage members to review the FB-ISAO Daily Journal for general threat awareness, updates and ideas on what other organizations are doing.
Join the #covid-19, #protest_awareness, #cybersecurity, #terrorism_us and other topical channels in FB-ISAO Slack to see more updates, reports, and conversation on threats, and to share your questions, ideas, and actions for others.
This assessment has been developed by FB-ISAO and is our general, nationwide, cyber threat assessment for the U.S. community of faith. As always, for local threat information, members are encouraged to work closely with neighborhood partners, local law enforcement, state and local fusion centers, local FBI field offices, DHS Protective Security Advisors (PSAs), Cybersecurity Advisors (CSAs), and other local experts and responders.
This message is TLP:WHITE. Subject to standard copyright rules, TLP:WHITE information may be distributed without restriction.
The ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic is a complex and blended threat impacting members and the broader faith-based and charity community in numerous ways and that continues to impact security and response, both to manmade and natural threats. FB-ISAO’s Threat and Incident Response Group (TIG) continues to assess the ongoing threats and risks to our community and has made the following updates to our Threat Level Assessments:
The TIG has determined to maintain the Physical Threat Level at “SEVERE.” SEVERE means an event is highly likely. Given the ongoing threat of the COVID-19 pandemic and the approaching U.S. winter season and associated health concerns, we have determined to maintain the broad Physical Threat Level at SEVERE and anticipate this level being maintained until a decrease in the threat of the pandemic as vaccines are administered and a possible decrease of travel as the winter season and seasonal health threats pass. The TIG will continue to assess the Physical Threat Level regularly and provide updates accordingly. This determination will be periodically re-evaluated, especially with respect to non-COVID-19-related threats.
The TIG has determined to maintain the Cyber Threat Level at “GUARDED.” GUARDED means FB-ISAO is unaware of any specific or targeted cyber attacks, but a general risk of cyber attacks exist, particularly with respect to phishing using FB-ISAO’s likeness, the SolarWinds Orion compromise, and scams using first of the year observance “Days”. The TIG will continue to assess the Cyber Threat Level and provide updates accordingly. Likewise, the cyber threat landscape will be continuously monitored, but this Cyber Threat Level determination is valid until further notice. Please see below for on-going considerations regarding the Cyber Threat Level.
COVID-19 Pandemic. As we continue through this pandemic, with jurisdictions around the country and internationally having moved back to more stringent local restrictions based on the continued surge of COVID-19, FB-ISAO continues to strongly encourage members “hold the line”. By hold the line, we mean continue to follow FSLTT guidance and directives and reopen, reenter and resume operations in accordance with, and not ahead of, such guidance and directives. Especially during the start of flu season, and the likely confluence of COVID-19 and annual influenza threats, members are advised to respect and adhere to FSLTT guidance.
The pandemic has continued to surge and, though a decrease in new cases was observed at the end of December, hospitalizations are at record highs and new cases and deaths remain very high, with potential increases following holiday travel. As of 30 Dec, we are approaching seven million new cases since our last assessment (from 12.5 million cases and 259,005 deaths, to almost 19.43 million cases and 337,419 deaths) and as of 28 Dec, the CDC reports that the national ensemble forecasting predicts significantly increasing numbers of anticipated deaths with “12,400 to 24,300 new deaths will likely be reported in the week ending January 23, 2021. The national ensemble predicts that a total of 383,000 to 424,000 COVID-19 deaths will be reported by this date.” Based on current behaviors and trends and the slow rollout of the vaccines, the surge in cases and deaths will continue through the winter before an anticipated tapering off as we move towards spring. The distribution of vaccines is underway in the United States and across the globe. While this is an exciting development, the distribution will take time and preventive measures are still important as we move into the new year. Additionally, the U.S. has seen considerable holiday season travel and there is a potential surge in cases from associated travel and events that could facilitate outbreaks in both new cases and resulting deaths. As recently observed, there are continued mutations of COVID-19, such as the variation from the United Kingdom, along with variations from South Africa and Nigeria. which is expected, that seem to more quickly spread the virus. The UK variant has been observed in the U.S., first in Colorado, then in California, and is likely already spreading elsewhere. As noted above, this current situation is further complicated by annual flu season, which typically peaks in February but can last as late as May, and which has the potential to complicate and further overwhelm healthcare professionals and facilities. Some have referred to this dual threat as a “twindemic” – meaning the continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic and the start of flu season. While twindemic concerns have decreased based in extensive seasonal flu vaccines and COVID-related restrictions, the potential remains throughout the flu season. Exacerbating these challenges is the increasing challenge of “pandemic fatigue,” as Americans grow tired of restrictions and seek to return to normalcy. While understandable, a decrease in vigilance and safety will only prolong recovery and a return to a more open and safe environment.
While there is a lot of conflicting reporting and varied assessments regarding the threat, and as both personally and organizationally, many are understandably feeling pandemic fatigue, the coronavirus remains a very active health threat with continued local outbreaks or broader flare-ups, with more potential concerns particularly if established best practices such as social distancing and mask wearing are not followed. FB-ISAO assesses that we remain in a high risk period.
Worth noting, many FBOs have begun or continued phased reopening and by applying smart practices and safety measures, they have been able to avoid outbreaks at their facilities and among their congregations. These successes are commendable but recognizing success should not lead to complacency or a false sense that the threat has passed. As we wrestle with pandemic fatigue and the continued surge in cases, we need to avoid the danger of overconfidence. Outbreaks can happen quickly and lead to closures and broad infections, as has been observed in communities and FBOs around the country. For those that have been successful, we encourage you to maintain discipline and hold on to your success.
As leaders, we encourage members to fight complacency and fatigue. FBOs should not base policies or enforcement on personal feelings, politics, or other subjective considerations. While as individuals we may agree or disagree with specific measures, FB-ISAO continues to strongly discourage defying state and local guidance and directives and encourages members to reopen, reenter and resume operations in accordance with government guidance and directives.
Again, we encourage members to adhere to established best practices such as social distancing and mask wearing, and to make informed decisions based on observable data, not personal or political feelings.
Beyond the explicit health threat, we have other security concerns, including:
Protests (General). Since June, we have expressed concern over the potential that protest activities will continue to pose direct and indirect threats to FBOs. Observed throughout 2020 and noted in previous threat assessments and FB-ISAO reporting, whether seen as supportive of protests – directly, logistically, or as sanctuaries or meeting places – or if seen as being opposed to protests, FBOs have been attacked from both sides. We continue to assess protests may pose direct and indirect risks to FBOs. With continued frustrations over the 2020 elections or with new frustrations that may develop with an incoming presidential administration, protests may again flare-up in the weeks ahead.
Protests (Inauguration Day and Ongoing Election Issues). While the U.S. general election is over, the pending Inauguration of Joe Biden and Kamala Harris is still being contested by some. With a high-profile election runoff in Georgia (05 Jan) and continued tensions leading up to the 20 Jan Inauguration, there are the continued possibility of election-related protests and conflict.
Vaccine-Related Protests. If an FBO becomes involved in vaccine distribution / administration, there is the potential that anti-vaccination protests could develop or that disturbed/disgruntled people attacking vaccination centers. We assess this to be a low-level threat but one for FBOs to consider as they may be involved in vaccine distribution and related activities.
Disgruntled Individuals. Individuals who do not agree with positions taken by an FBO during periods of closure and reopening may take action against those organizations or others. We have continued to see various protests and violent actions aimed at COVID restrictions and individuals enforcing safety procedures. Last updated on 01 Sep, the CDC released Limiting Workplace Violence Associated with COVID-19 Prevention Policies in Retail and Services Businesses. While not aimed at FBOs, the guidance may be useful for safety and security personnel to consider. As FBOs reopen and welcome back individuals, some individuals have demonstrated heightened sensitivities regarding these issues and have not responded well to personnel attempting to enforce safety actions. FBOs should prepare “frontline” staff and volunteers regarding how to engage personnel, when to ask for help from senior personnel, and other considerations to prepare them to effectively communicate and assist visitors. Effective ways to safely engage individuals and de-escalation training could help prepare frontline personnel.
Nashville Attack and Conspiracy Theories. While the motivation behind the Christmas Day 2020 Nashville attack is not clear, it is possible that conspiracy beliefs / misinformation-related anxiety (i.e., 5G concerns) could have played a part. Already, there has been misinformation alleging the explosion was an attempted government cover-up to hide election fraud, and other such theories. It is possible that, inspired by Nashville and perhaps with additional motivations such as concerns over the election, the Inauguration, and the COVID vaccines, others may be inspired to action. While FBOs may not be a primary target of such angst, they could be, and could also be indirectly targeted by way of location and neighboring facilities.
Hostile Events and theTargeting of FBOs, Both People and Facilities. As acts of violence, vandalism and arson are being reported regularly in the FB-ISAO Daily Journal, including hate crimes such as spray-painting hate symbols and the destruction of statues, arson and stabbings, it is important to note there are often connections between other issues and events and actions that may be taken at FBOs. Relating to protests and for other issues, and sometimes for no clear grievance, FBOs have been targeted by a variety of types of aggression and violence – at facilities, on statues, with threats, and more. This is unlikely to change in our current environment. Further, Europe has seen several low-tech terrorism attacks conducted by violent jihadists. While such attacks have not occurred recently in the U.S., terrorist propaganda continues to promote attacks and it is possible would-be jihadists could seek to conduct attacks domestically, and potentially aimed at FBOs, as has been observed overseas.
Concerns Regarding the Cyber Threat Level
FB-ISAO assess the current volume of coronavirus-related cyber attack campaigns continues to recede and the pre-pandemic frequency of non-coronavirus lures is consistent with a general “GUARDED” posture. While we assess remaining at “GUARDED” is reasonable, increased vigilance is still recommended due to the ongoing pandemic and associated concerns and distractions.Additionally, if you haven’t already, members are highly encouraged to familiarize themselves with the FB-ISAO Weekly Advisory for 23 December 2020 regarding phishing activity using the likeness of FB-ISAO that could potentially be related to #BlueLeaks. Finally, members are encouraged to review the #cybersecurity_general channel in FB-ISAO Slack for a general level of awareness to on-going cyber threats and incidents.
As we offer the constant reminder that WE ARE ALL TARGETS of opportunity, the following are general considerations for continued vigilance:
#BlueLeaks.We continue to stress the need to exercise vigilance when receiving communications purporting to come from any impacted organization, including FB-ISAO, fusion centers, and law enforcement entities (see FB-ISAO Weekly Advisory for 23 December 2020).
Phishing. Cyber tactics such as phishing, smishing (SMS phishing), vishing (voice phishing), whaling (targeting of high-profile targets), disinformation/misinformation, and counterfeit websites leveraging current events represent a perpetual threat. Furthermore, while the traditional holiday shopping season is behind us, threat actors will likely attempt to leverage upcoming sales related to national observance “Day’s” such as Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Valentine’s Day, Presidents’ Day (Washington’s Birthday), etc. Members are urged to treat every sale and solicitation communication with suspicion.
SolarWinds. While the recent compromise of the SolarWinds Orion product is presumed less likely to impact most FBO’s, a general threat still exists from similar third-party product/service compromises. Information on SolarWinds has been included in several editions of the Faith-Based Daily Journal and other TLP:WHITE summaries sent by FB-ISAO since December 13, 2020. Additionally, information is available in a CISA Insights: What Every Leader Needs to Know About the Ongoing APT Cyber Activity. Members are encouraged to exercise due diligence when implementing third-party products and services. Please contact our team for more information on vendor risk management.
On-going ransomware attacks with subsequent leaked data. Ransomware continues impacting organizations of all types and sizes. Members are encouraged to review ransomware and data breach playbooks, policies, and procedures with staff and MSPs and discuss necessary actions should ransomware impact your organization or third party partners. For more on ransomware preparedness and response, see the Ransomware Guide from CISA and the MS-ISAC.
Continued “Zoombombing.” Faith-based organizations continue to experience disturbing and heart-wrenching “Zoombombing” incidents. Many Zoombombing incidents occur due to public posting of meeting links and often deficient procedures when hosting such videoconferencing events. Members are encouraged to review the security settings on their video-conferencing platforms and apply best practices and procedures to reduce the risk from this prevalent disturbance. Most teleconference platform vendors have published tips for maintaining secure meetings and FB-ISAO has previously shared tips for securing online events. Please contact our team with questions.
Mis/disinformation is still a concern. Mis/disinformation continues to spread regarding coronavirus related and other highly charged matters, including post-election activity. It is imperative to think critically and continue verifying everything. Visit CISA’s #Protect2020 resources, including the Disinformation Stops With You infographic to better understand the continued threats to the election process.
Continue enabling/encouraging remote staff to work securely. As organizations continue prolonged or permanent work from home models, it is important to promote a secure remote work environment. To enable safe telecommuting, review CISA’s Telework Guidance and Resources page and StaySafeOnline’s COVID-19 Security Resource Library.
Continue providing threat awareness training to staff. There are many open source examples of emails, lures, images, and indicators of compromise being shared daily in the FB-ISAO Daily Journal. Consider appropriate ways to use that information to educate and better prepare staff. FB-ISAO is happy to help develop education and cybersecurity awareness materials for dissemination.
Please contact our team with any questions, needs for information, assistance or any other concerns.
We encourage members to review the FB-ISAO Daily Journal for general threat awareness, updates and ideas on what other organizations are doing.
Join the #covid-19, #protest_awareness, #cybersecurity, #terrorism_us and other topical channels in FB-ISAO Slack to see more updates, reports, and conversation on threats, and to share your questions, ideas, and actions for others.
This assessment has been developed by FB-ISAO and is our general, nationwide, cyber threat assessment for the U.S. community of faith. As always, for local threat information, members are encouraged to work closely with neighborhood partners, local law enforcement, state and local fusion centers, local FBI field offices, DHS Protective Security Advisors (PSAs), Cybersecurity Advisors (CSAs), and other local experts and responders.
This message is TLP:WHITE. Subject to standard copyright rules, TLP:WHITE information may be distributed without restriction.
The ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic is a complex and blended threat impacting members and the broader faith-based and charity community in numerous ways and that continues to impact security and response, both to manmade and natural threats. FB-ISAO’s Threat and Incident Response Group (TIG) continues to assess the ongoing threats and risks to our community and has made the following updates to our Threat Level Assessments:
The TIG has determined to maintain the Physical Threat Level at “SEVERE.” SEVERE means an event is highly likely. Given the ongoing threat of the COVID-19 pandemic and the approaching U.S. winter season and associated health concerns, we have determined to maintain the broad Physical Threat Level at SEVERE and anticipate this level being maintained until a decrease in the threat of the pandemic (such as via an effective vaccine being administered) and / or the end of the winter health threats. The TIG will continue to assess the Physical Threat Level regularly and provide updates accordingly. This determination will be periodically re-evaluated, especially with respect to non-COVID-19-related threats.
The TIG has determined to maintain the Cyber Threat Level at “GUARDED.” GUARDED means FB-ISAO is unaware of any specific or targeted cyber attacks, but a general risk of cyber attacks exist, particularly with respect to holiday shopping scams. The TIG will continue to assess the Cyber Threat Level and provide updates accordingly. Likewise, the cyber threat landscape will be continuously monitored, but this Cyber Threat Level determination is valid until further notice. Please see below for on-going considerations regarding the Cyber Threat Level.
COVID-19 Pandemic. As we continue through this pandemic, with jurisdictions around the country and internationally having moved back to more stringent local restrictions based on the continued surge of COVID-19, FB-ISAO continues to strongly encourage members “hold the line.” By hold the line, we mean continue to follow FSLTT guidance and directives and reopen, reenter and resume operations in accordance with, and not ahead of, such guidance and directives. Especially during the start of flu season, and the likely confluence of COVID-19 and annual influenza threats, members are advised to respect and adhere to FSLTT guidance.
The pandemic has not peaked and in fact, new cases and fatalities are at very high levels as cases continue to rise and at the time of this assessment, COVID cases continue to increase rapidly during the current surge, with recent record highs and daily deaths known increasing from what had been a generally flat pace of around 800 a day in the previous assessment to almost double that at the time of this assessment. As of 27 Nov, we are approaching four million new cases since our last assessment (from 8.68 million cases and over 225,084 deaths, to almost 12.5 million cases ansd 259,005 deaths) and as of 23 Nov, the CDC reports that the national ensemble forecasting predicts significantly increasing numbers of anticipated deaths with “10,600 to 21,400 new deaths likely to be reported in the week ending December 19, 2020. The national ensemble predicts that a total of 294,000 to 321,000 COVID-19 deaths will be reported by this date.” Based on current behaviors and trends, the surge in cases and deaths will continue into the winter with no clear end to that surge in sight until the effective distribution of vaccines to the population. Additionally, a potential surge in cases from Thanksgiving travel and events could further the surge in both new cases and resulting deaths. As noted above, this current situation is further complicated by annual flu season, which has the potential to complicate and overwhelm healthcare professionals and facilities. Some have referred to this as a potential “twindemic” – meaning the continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic and the start of flu season. Exacerbating these challenges is the increasing challenge of “pandemic fatigue,” as Americans grow tired of restrictions and seek to return to normalcy. While understandable, a decrease in vigilance and safety will only prolong recovery and a return to a more open and safe environment.
While there is a lot of conflicting reporting and varied assessments regarding the threat, and as both personally and organizationally, many are understandably feeling pandemic fatigue, the coronavirus remains a very active health threat with continued local outbreaks or broader flare-ups, with more potential concerns particularly if established best practices such as social distancing and mask wearing are not followed. FB-ISAO assesses that we remain in a high risk period.
Worth noting, many FBOs have begun or continued phased reopening and by applying smart practices and safety measures, they have been able to avoid outbreaks at their facilities and among their congregations. These successes are commendable but recognizing success should not lead to complacency or a false sense that the threat has passed. As we wrestle with pandemic fatigue and the continued surge in cases, we need to avoid the danger of overconfidence. Outbreaks can happen quickly and lead to closures and broad infections, as has been observed in communities and FBOs around the country. For those that have been successful, we encourage you to maintain discipline and hold on to your success.
As leaders, we encourage members to fight complacency and fatigue. FBOs should not base policies or enforcement on personal feelings, politics, or other subjective considerations. While as individuals we may agree or disagree with specific measures, FB-ISAO continues to strongly discourage defying state and local guidance and directives and encourages members to reopen, reenter and resume operations in accordance with government guidance and directives.
Again, we encourage members to adhere to established best practices such as social distancing and mask wearing, and to make informed decisions based on observable data, not personal or political feelings.
Beyond the explicit health threat, we have other security concerns, including:
Protests. Since June, we have expressed concern over the potential of protest activities – whether relating to social justice, elections, or other topics – would continuen to post direct and indirect threats to FBOs. Observed throughout this period and noted in previous threat assessments and FB-ISAO reporting, whether seen as supportive of protests – directly, logistically, or as sanctuaries or meeting places – or if seen as being opposed to protests, FBOs have been attacked from both sides. Given recent events, ongoing protests, a tense political election season, and other considerations, we continue to assess protests may pose direct and indirect risks to FBOs. With continued frustrations over the 2020 elections or with new frustrations that may develop with an incoming presidential administration, protests may again flare-up in the weeks ahead.
Hostile Events and theTargeting of FBOs, Both People and Facilities. As acts of violence, vandalism and arson are being reported regularly in the FB-ISAO Daily Journal, including hate crimes such as spray-painting hate symbols and the destruction of statues, arson and stabbings, it is important to note there are often connections between other issues and events and actions that may be taken at FBOs. Relating to protests and for other issues, and sometimes for no clear grievance, FBOs have been targeted by a variety of types of aggression and violence – at facilities, on statues, with threats, and more. This is unlikely to change in our current environment. Further, Europe has seen several low-tech terrorism attacks conducted by violent jihadists. While such attacks have not occurred recently in the U.S., terrorist propaganda continues to promote attacks and it is possible would-be jihadists could seek to conduct attacks domestically, and potentially aimed at FBOs, as has been observed overseas.
Disgruntled Individuals. Individuals who do not agree with positions taken by an FBO during periods of closure and reopening may take action against those organizations or others. We have continued to see various protests and violent actions aimed at COVID restrictions and individuals enforcing safety procedures. On 24 Aug, the CDC released Limiting Workplace Violence Associated with COVID-19 Prevention Policies in Retail and Services Businesses. While not aimed at FBOs, the guidance may be useful for safety and security personnel to consider. As FBOs reopen and welcome back individuals, it is possible that some may have heightened sensitivities regarding these issues and may not respond well to personnel attempting to enforce safety actions. FBOs should prepare “frontline” staff and volunteers regarding how to engage personnel, when to ask for help from senior personnel, and other considerations to prepare them to effectively communicate and assist visitors.
The Winter Holiday Season. As we move into fall, holidays and celebrations continue, with annual major events to include Hanukkah (10-18 Dec), Christmas Eve / Christmas Day (24, 25 Dec) and New Year’s events, the possibility of potential targeting of FBOs and people of faith may increase. A less direct threat to FBOs but one that may impact members and visitors of FBOs is the continued concern around increased domestic violence during the pandemic. Since at least this summer there have been concerns over the “shadow pandemic” of violence against intimate partners – particularly women. A recent post notes, “Cases of violence against women have surged in 2020. According to the United Nations Population Fund, for every three months the COVID-19 lockdown continues, an additional 15 million women are expected to be directly affected by violence.” Domestic violence and continued stress relating to new COVID restrictions may have cascading implications to FBOs.
Concerns Regarding the Cyber Threat Level
FB-ISAO assess the current volume of coronavirus-related cyber attack campaigns continues to recede and the pre-pandemic frequency of non-coronavirus lures is consistent with a general “GUARDED” posture. While we assess remaining at “GUARDED” is reasonable, increased vigilance is still recommended due to the ongoing pandemic and associated concerns and distractions. Furthermore, as the holiday shopping season is upon us, members are urged to treat every sale and solicitation communication with suspicion. Likewise, members are encouraged to review the #cybersecurity channel in FB-ISAO Slack for a general level of awareness to on-going incidents.
As we offer the constant reminder that WE ARE ALL TARGETS of opportunity, the following are general considerations for continued vigilance:
Gift Card Impersonation Scams. As highlighted in a recent FB-ISAO blog post, an increase in holiday bonus gift card impersonation phishing scams should be anticipated. Scammers are highly likely to use the “after such a challenging year” ploy to cajole COVID-weary employees or volunteers into unwitting accomplices to help the boss secretly procure gift cards to use for things like company bonuses or charitable donations. But whatever the financial or information-stealing theme, employees should be repeatedly reminded to never act on such requests. But since it may be excruciatingly difficult to tell the boss “no,” it is up to bosses and leaders to empower employees and volunteers to NOT act and to report said activity. Likewise, it is up to bosses and leaders to make any legitimate special, secret, or surprise requests in-person, and not through an email or text. For more tips on shopping safely this holiday season, visit the resources at NCSA and CISA.
Phishing. Cyber tactics such as phishing, smishing (SMS phishing), vishing (voice phishing), whaling (targeting of high-profile targets), disinformation/misinformation, and counterfeit websites leveraging current events represent a perpetual threat. Phishing is most often associated and expected with financially motivated cybercrime attacks. However, advanced persistent threat (APT) groups motivated by espionage also leverage phishing, as highlighted by recently observed activity targeting entities – including religious organizations – associated with diplomatic relations. This recent report by Proofpoint describes activity targeting entities involved in diplomatic relations between The Vatican and the Chinese Communist Party.
On-going ransomware attacks with subsequent leaked data. Ransomware continues impacting organizations of all types and sizes, including a recently reported attack against televangelist Kenneth Copeland. Members are encouraged to review ransomware and data breach playbooks, policies, and procedures with staff and MSPs and discuss necessary actions should ransomware impact your organization or third party partners. For more on ransomware preparedness and response, see the Ransomware Guide from CISA and the MS-ISAC.
Continued “Zoombombing.” Faith-based organizations continue to experience disturbing and heart-wrenching “Zoombombing” incidents. Many Zoombombing incidents occur due to public posting of meeting links and often deficient procedures when hosting such videoconferencing events. Members are encouraged to review the security settings on their video-conferencing platforms and apply best practices and procedures to reduce the risk from this prevalent disturbance. Most teleconference platform vendors have published tips for maintaining secure meetings and FB-ISAO has previously shared tips for securing online events. Please contact our team with questions.
Mis/disinformation is still a concern. Mis/disinformation continues to spread regarding coronavirus related and other highly charged matters, including post-election activity. It is imperative to think critically and continue verifying everything. Visit CISA’s #Protect2020 resources, including the Disinformation Stops With You infographic to better understand the continued threats to the election process.
#BlueLeaks. While there is nothing significant to report, we continue to stress the need to exercise vigilance when receiving communications purporting to come from any impacted organization, including FB-ISAO, fusion centers, and law enforcement entities.
Continue enabling/encouraging remote staff to work securely. As organizations continue prolonged or permanent work from home models, it is important to promote a secure remote work environment. To enable safe telecommuting, review CISA’s Telework Guidance and Resources page and StaySafeOnline’s COVID-19 Security Resource Library.
Continue providing threat awareness training to staff. There are many open source examples of emails, lures, images, and indicators of compromise being shared daily in the FB-ISAO Daily Journal. Consider appropriate ways to use that information to educate and better prepare staff. FB-ISAO is happy to help develop education and cybersecurity awareness materials for dissemination.
Please contact our team with any questions, needs for information, assistance or any other concerns.
We encourage members to review the FB-ISAO Daily Journal for general threat awareness, updates and ideas on what other organizations are doing.
Join the #covid-19, #protest_awareness, #cybersecurity, #terrorism_us and other topical channels in FB-ISAO Slack to see more updates, reports, and conversation on threats, and to share your questions, ideas, and actions for others.
This assessment has been developed by FB-ISAO and is our general, nationwide, cyber threat assessment for the U.S. community of faith. As always, for local threat information, members are encouraged to work closely with neighborhood partners, local law enforcement, state and local fusion centers, local FBI field offices, DHS Protective Security Advisors (PSAs), Cybersecurity Advisors (CSAs), and other local experts and responders.
